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4月1日起，每日疫情公報(bào)公布無癥狀感染者情況。什么是新型冠狀病毒無癥狀感染者？無癥狀感染者有傳染性嗎？如何做好無癥狀感染者防控管理？國家衛(wèi)健委發(fā)布《關(guān)于新型冠狀病毒無癥狀感染者的防控工作答問》。

Starting from April 1, theinformation of the asymptomatic infected personswill be included in the daily COVID-19 updates. How to define asymptomatic infected persons of COVID-19? Can asymptomatic infected persons spread the disease? What measures will be taken to strengthen the prevention and control of asymptomatic infections? The answers can be found in FAQs on the Prevention and Control of the Spread of COVID-19 Caused by Asymptomatic Infected Personsreleased by the National Health Commission.

1. 什么是新型冠狀病毒無癥狀感染者？

1. How to define asymptomatic infected persons of COVID-19?

新冠病毒無癥狀感染者（以下簡稱無癥狀感染者）是指無相關(guān)臨床癥狀，如發(fā)熱、咳嗽、咽痛等可自我感知或可臨床識(shí)別的癥狀與體征，但呼吸道等標(biāo)本新冠病毒病原學(xué)檢測陽性者。無癥狀感染者可分為兩種情形：

Asymptomatic infected persons of COVID-19 (hereinafter referred to as asymptomatic infected persons) refer to those who do not show any relevant clinical symptoms, such as fever, cough, sore throat and other self-perceived or clinically recognizable symptoms, but whose respiratory tract specimens test positive for COVID-19. Asymptomatic infected persons can be divided into two categories:

一是感染者核酸檢測陽性，經(jīng)過14天潛伏期的觀察，均無任何可自我感知或可臨床識(shí)別的癥狀與體征，始終為無癥狀感染狀態(tài)；

One is that infected personswho test positive in the nucleic acid test do not show any self-perceived or clinically recognizable symptoms after the14-day observation of the incubation periodand the infection has been asymptomatic.

二是感染者核酸檢測陽性，采樣時(shí)無任何可自我感知或可臨床識(shí)別的癥狀與體征，但隨后出現(xiàn)某種臨床表現(xiàn)，即處于潛伏期的“無癥狀感染”狀態(tài)。

The other is thatinfected persons who testpositive in the nucleic acid testdo not show any self-perceived or clinically recognizable symptoms when sampling, but laterdevelop some clinical symptoms. That is “asymptomatic infection” during the incubation period.

2.無癥狀感染者有無傳染性？?

2.Can asymptomatic infected persons spread the disease?

根據(jù)國家和部分省份開展的密切接觸者監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，無癥狀感染者的密切接觸者存在二代病例續(xù)發(fā)，流行病學(xué)調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)別由無癥狀感染者導(dǎo)致的聚集性疫情，有小樣本量的研究顯示無癥狀感染者呼吸道樣本中的病毒載量與確診病例沒有太大差異。

According to the monitoring data released by the state and some provinces, some asymptomatic infected persons have caused second-generation transmission among their close contacts, and they have set off a small number of clusters of infections according to epidemiological investigations.Studies with small sample sizes have shown that the viral loads in the respiratory samples of asymptomatic cases do not demonstrate distinct difference from those of confirmed cases.

綜合目前的監(jiān)測和研究，無癥狀感染者存在傳染性，但其傳染期長短、傳染性強(qiáng)弱、傳播方式等尚需開展進(jìn)一步科學(xué)研究。

According to the current monitoring data and research, asymptomatic infected persons are contagious, but the length of the contagionperiod, the strengthand pathway oftransmission need to be further studied.

部分專家認(rèn)為鑒于無癥狀感染者的呼吸道標(biāo)本能檢出病原核酸，但由于無咳嗽、打噴嚏等臨床癥狀，病原排出體外引起傳播的機(jī)會(huì)較確診病例相對(duì)少一些。

Some experts believe that the risk of spreading the virus caused by asymptomatic infected personsis relatively lower than that by confirmed patients because asymptomatic infected personsshow no clinical symptoms such as cough and sneezing though the pathogenic nucleic acid can be found in their respiratory tract specimens.

3.我國關(guān)于新型冠狀病毒無癥狀感染者的防控要求是什么？

3.What are the requirements for the prevention and control of asymptomatic COVID-19 infectionsin China?

國家衛(wèi)生健康委在1月28日發(fā)布《新冠病毒感染的肺炎防控方案》（第三版）中就將新型冠狀病毒無癥狀感染者納入防控管理，在其后的修訂過程中均對(duì)無癥狀感染者的報(bào)告、管理等提出了明確具體的要求。各級(jí)各類醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)無癥狀感染者，應(yīng)于2小時(shí)內(nèi)進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)直報(bào)。

Protocol for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (Edition 3)released by the National Health Commission on January28 included asymptomatic infected personsinto the prevention and control management scope. In the subsequent revision process, the report and management requirements of asymptomatic infected personshave been clearly specified by the National Health Commission. Medical and health institutions at all levels and of all kinds shall report asymptomatic infected personsthey have identified directly through online platforms within 2 hours.

縣（區(qū)）級(jí)疾控機(jī)構(gòu)接到無癥狀感染者報(bào)告后，24小時(shí)內(nèi)完成個(gè)案調(diào)查，并及時(shí)進(jìn)行密切接觸者登記，將個(gè)案調(diào)查表或調(diào)查報(bào)告及時(shí)通過傳染病報(bào)告管理信息系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行上報(bào)。

Upon receiving the report of asymptomatic infected persons, CDCs at the county (district) level shall complete the case investigation within 24 hours and have the people in close contact with asymptomatic infected personsregistered in time.The case investigation form or investigation report shall be timely reported through the report and management information system for infectious diseases.

無癥狀感染者應(yīng)集中隔離14天，原則上集中隔離滿14天且兩次連續(xù)標(biāo)本核酸檢測陰性者（采樣時(shí)間至少間隔24小時(shí)）可解除隔離；

Asymptomatic infected personsshall be collectively quarantined for 14 days. In principle, the quarantine can be lifted for those who have been quarantined for 14 days and tested negative for nucleic acid tests in two consecutive samples (the minimum interval of sampling time shall be at least 24 hours).

如果核酸檢測仍為陽性者，則繼續(xù)隔離醫(yī)學(xué)觀察。

If the result of the nucleic acid test is still positive, the quarantine shall be continued.

隔離醫(yī)學(xué)觀察期間如出現(xiàn)臨床表現(xiàn)，應(yīng)及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)歸為確診病例，進(jìn)行規(guī)范治療。

Asymptomatic infected personsshall be defined as confirmed COVID-19 cases in time for standard treatment if they show clinical symptoms during the quarantine.

無癥狀感染者密切接觸者也要進(jìn)行14天的集中隔離醫(yī)學(xué)觀察。

People in close contact with asymptomatic infected personsshall also be collectively quarantined for medical observation for 14 days.

4. 無癥狀感染者通過什么途徑發(fā)現(xiàn)？

目前我們主要通過以下途徑主動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)無癥狀感染者：

一是對(duì)新型冠狀病毒肺炎病例的密切接觸者開展醫(yī)學(xué)觀察期間的主動(dòng)檢測；

二是在聚集性疫情調(diào)查中開展的主動(dòng)檢測；

三是在新型冠狀病毒肺炎病例的傳染源追蹤過程中對(duì)暴露人群主動(dòng)檢測；

四是對(duì)部分有境內(nèi)外新型冠狀病毒肺炎病例持續(xù)傳播地區(qū)的旅行史和居住史人員開展主動(dòng)檢測。

4. How to identify asymptomatic infected persons?

Asymptomatic infected personsare mainly identified proactively through the following ways:

1. Proactivenucleic acid tests for peopleunder medical observation who were traced to have had close contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients;

2. Proactivenucleic acid tests for peoplewho were traced to be related to COVID-19 case clusters according to relevant investigations;

3. Proactivenucleic acid tests for peoplewho were traced to have been exposed to sources of COVID-19 infection;

4. Proactivenucleic acid tests for peoplewho had a history of travel or residence in the COVID-19 outbreak areas home or abroad.

5.如何做好無癥狀感染者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估及其防控？

無癥狀感染者存在著傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

一是傳播的隱匿性。由于無癥狀感染者無任何明顯的癥狀與體征，其在人群中難以被發(fā)現(xiàn)，其導(dǎo)致的傳播也難以預(yù)防。

二是癥狀的主觀性。癥狀輕微或不典型者可能認(rèn)為自己沒有感染新冠病毒，不主動(dòng)去醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)就診，在日常的診療工作中難以被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

三是發(fā)現(xiàn)的局限性。由于存在檢測窗口期，采用核酸檢測和血清學(xué)檢測方法難以發(fā)現(xiàn)全部無癥狀感染者，現(xiàn)有的無癥狀感染者主要是通過病例的密切接觸者主動(dòng)篩查、感染來源調(diào)查、聚集性疫情調(diào)查和對(duì)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)人員的主動(dòng)檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)的，尚有部分無癥狀感染者難以被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

5. How to evaluate the risks posed by asymptomatic infectedpersons, and how to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 caused by these persons?

Asymptomatic infectedpersons pose risks of the spread of COVID-19.

1. The spread is latent. As asymptomatic infectedpersons do not exhibit any obvious symptoms of COVID-19, it is hard to identify them among crowds, and correspondingly, it is hard to prevent the spread of COVID-19 caused by them.

2. The symptoms are subjective. Some asymptomatic infected persons only exhibit mild symptoms of COVID-19 or even exhibit non-typical symptoms. They may consider themselves not being infected with COVID-19, and will not seek medical treatment proactively, and therefore will be hard to be detected in the daily diagnosis.

3. The identification has limitations. Nucleic acid tests and serology tests are not able to identify all asymptomatic infected persons because there exists a window period from getting infected with COVID-19 togenerating detectable antibodies. Those having been identified so far were mainly detected when they underwent tests because they were traced to have had close contact with confirmed patients, be related to case clusters, be exposed to sources of infection, or had a history of travel or residence in high-risk regions. Some asymptomatic infected persons remain hard to identify.

為此，要突出做好無癥狀感染者監(jiān)測，有針對(duì)性加大篩查力度，將檢測范圍擴(kuò)大至已發(fā)現(xiàn)病例和無癥狀感染者的密切接觸者、重點(diǎn)地區(qū)和重點(diǎn)人群等。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)無癥狀感染者，要立即按“四早”要求，嚴(yán)格集中隔離和醫(yī)學(xué)觀察，對(duì)密切接觸者也要實(shí)施隔離醫(yī)學(xué)觀察。

It is therefore important to step up efforts to identify asymptomatic infected persons. Existing screening processes shall be intensified, and the scale of screening shall be expanded to include persons in close contact with confirmed cases and asymptomatic cases, key regions and key groups. Those being identified as asymptomatic infected persons shall be quarantined and undergo medical observation in strict accordance with the “early detection, early reporting, early isolation, and early treatment” principles. Those who have had close contact with asymptomatic infectedpersons shall also be quarantined for medical observation.

由于部分無癥狀感染者始終無癥狀，實(shí)際防控工作中無法將發(fā)現(xiàn)和隔離無癥狀感染者作為主導(dǎo)措施。因此我們?nèi)詫⒗^續(xù)著重于及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)隔離確診患者，并做好密切接觸者管理。

As some asymptomatic infected persons will never exhibit symptoms of COVID-19, it is impractical to make the identification and quarantine of asymptomatic infectedpersons the main measure. Our emphasis will continue to be laid on the identification and quarantine of confirmed patients while enhancing management on those who have had close contact with the confirmed patients.

我國經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，做好確診病例的及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和隔離，并適度采取減少人際接觸等措施，可以基本阻斷疫情傳播。

China’s experience has manifested that, if patients are being identified and quarantined in time, and measures such as reducing contact with people are implemented, the spread of COVID-19 can basically be curbed.

6.下一步如何做好無癥狀感染者防控管理？

6. What measures will be taken to strengthen the prevention and control of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections?

一是完善防治方案。抓緊在疫情重點(diǎn)地區(qū)抽取一定比例樣本，開展無癥狀感染者調(diào)查和流行病學(xué)分析研究，完善防控措施，修訂完善防控方案和診療方案，科學(xué)應(yīng)對(duì)無癥狀感染者帶來的感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，遏制可能形成新的疫情傳播。

First, improve the prevention and treatment plans. A certain proportion of samples will be taken from areas severely affected by COVID-19 to investigate asymptomatic infected persons and conduct epidemiological analysis and research so as to improve prevention and control measures and enhance the prevention, control and treatment plans. Scientific measures will be taken to cope with risks of contagion caused by asymptomatic infected persons and contain further possible spread of the virus.

二是加大篩查監(jiān)測。有針對(duì)性加大篩查力度，將檢測范圍擴(kuò)大至已發(fā)現(xiàn)病例和無癥狀感染者的密切接觸者、重點(diǎn)地區(qū)和重點(diǎn)人群等。結(jié)合復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)復(fù)學(xué)實(shí)際，加強(qiáng)對(duì)重點(diǎn)城市、重點(diǎn)人群、重點(diǎn)場所的監(jiān)測，最大程度發(fā)現(xiàn)隱患。做好疫情跨境輸入輸出防范，對(duì)所有入境人員進(jìn)行核酸檢測。發(fā)現(xiàn)無癥狀感染者后，及時(shí)開展流行病學(xué)調(diào)查，查清來源，公開透明發(fā)布信息。

Second, intensify screening and detection. The screening will be stepped up in a targeted manner and the detection range will be expanded to people in close contact with confirmed patients and asymptomatic infectedpersons, key areas and key groups. The monitoring of key cities, key groups and key venues should be intensified while taking into consideration the resumption of work, production and schools, toidentify hidden risks as much as possible. Efforts should be made to prevent cross-border transmission, and all travelers entering the country should take nucleic acid tests. Once an asymptomatic infected person is identified, an epidemiological investigation should be carried out to trace the source and related information should be released in an open and transparent way.

三是強(qiáng)化管理救治。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)無癥狀感染者，要立即按“四早”要求，嚴(yán)格集中隔離和醫(yī)學(xué)管理，對(duì)密切接觸者也要實(shí)施隔離醫(yī)學(xué)觀察。隔離期間出現(xiàn)癥狀，立即轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至定點(diǎn)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行救治。

Third, strengthen management and treatment. Once an asymptomatic infected person is identified, the patient should be put under collective quarantine and medical management, as required by the principles of “early detection, early reporting, early isolation, and early treatment”. People who have had close contact with the infected person should be put under quarantine for medical observation as well. If any of them shows symptoms of COVID-19, he/she should be transferred to a designated hospital for treatment.

四是加強(qiáng)群防群控。堅(jiān)持群專結(jié)合，加大防疫知識(shí)科普宣傳力度，指導(dǎo)公眾科學(xué)防護(hù)，廣泛開展培訓(xùn)，提高基層疾控人員、醫(yī)務(wù)人員和社區(qū)工作人員等的防控能力和水平。從4月1日起在疫情通報(bào)中公布無癥狀感染者報(bào)告、轉(zhuǎn)歸和管理情況，及時(shí)回應(yīng)社會(huì)關(guān)切。

Fourth, intensify mass prevention and control. The public and the government should work together. More efforts should be made to promote knowledge on epidemic prevention among the public and guide the public in scientific prevention and protection. Training should be held extensively to improve the epidemic prevention and control capability of CDCpersonnel, medical staff and community staff at the grass-roots level. From April 1, information on asymptomatic infections including the report of new cases, their development intosymptomatic cases, and the management of the cases will be released in the COVID-19 updates in response to public concerns.

7.如何做好個(gè)人防護(hù)？

7. What personal protective measures should be taken?

公眾要加強(qiáng)自我保護(hù)和健康文明意識(shí)，強(qiáng)化環(huán)境衛(wèi)生及個(gè)人衛(wèi)生防護(hù)，養(yǎng)成勤洗手、戴口罩、講究手衛(wèi)生、一米線、開窗通風(fēng)、清潔消毒、分餐制、生病時(shí)減少去人員聚集場所和科學(xué)戴口罩等健康生活行為方式。

The public should strengthen the self-protection and health awareness, and improve environmental sanitation as well as personal hygiene habits, adopting a healthy lifestyleincluding washing hands regularly, wearing face masks, sanitizing hands, keeping at least one meter away from others, keep windows open for ventilation, regular disinfection, packing food in separate servings, avoiding crowded places while sick, and wearing face masks properly.

要廣泛開展愛國衛(wèi)生運(yùn)動(dòng)，本著既保護(hù)自己，也要保護(hù)他人健康的理念，將健康知識(shí)傳播到每個(gè)家庭和個(gè)人，形成良好衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣和文明健康、綠色環(huán)保的生活方式，提升心理健康水平和健康素養(yǎng)水平。

The public should engage in the patriotic health campaign. For protecting the health of ourselves and others, health knowledge shall be disseminated to every family and individual. The public shalldevelop good hygiene habits, adopt a civilized, healthy and green lifestyle, and improve mental as well as physical health.

如個(gè)人核酸檢測陽性后不必恐慌，要主動(dòng)配合醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)做好健康監(jiān)測和隔離醫(yī)學(xué)觀察，出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱、咳嗽等癥狀后及時(shí)報(bào)告，接受醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)規(guī)范診治。

Don’t panic if you test positive in nucleic acid tests and cooperate with medical institutions in health monitoring, quarantine and medical observation. If you show any symptoms like fever or cough, please make timely reports and accept standard treatment in a medical institution.

深圳市人民政府外事辦公室

深圳市衛(wèi)生健康委員會(huì)

2020年4月2日

Foreign Affairs Office of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government

Health Commission of Shenzhen Municipality

April 2, 2020